In the stripper column, the rich loading solvent is heated with steam from the reboiler (which uses a heat exchanger to transfer heat from external steam to a heat transfer fluid), breaking the chemical bonds between the amine solvent and the CO 2, and causing it to release its CO 2, creating a relatively pure CO 2 stream. About 90% of the CO 2 is absorbed into the amine solution (now together referred to as a rich loading solution), and is then pumped to the stripper. The cleaned flue gas enters the absorber and is brought into contact with the MEA amine solution. This factsheet is based on literature looking both at hypothetical refinery site configurations and at specific sites. Many refineries have significant excess heat availability, which could reduce the cost and additional energy demand, but the potential to use that heat depends largely on site design and site-specific constraints, so has not been considered in this factsheet. As the capture process requires electricity (notably for compression) and steam (mainly for solvent recovery), additional investments are also required to expand the site’s utilities. Thus the CO 2 concentration and flue gas volume per stack will vary in each site as well. There are many different flue gas streams on a typical refinery site, and how they are combined in different stacks can vary. However, the design of the site plays an important role in the cost and feasibility of implementing post-combustion CO 2 capture. The modifications required for CO 2 capture are cleaner flue gas (dust filters, NOx removal, additional desulphurisation equipment, etc.) a CO 2 capture unit (absorber and stripper columns, heat exchangers, condensers, and a reboiler) and a CO 2 compression and dehydration unit. Post-combustion capture does not require any major modifications to the refining process MEA amine stripping technology is an end-of-pipe technology added to the plant to capture CO 2 from existing flue gas streams. There are a variety of techniques for post-combustion carbon capture that can be applied to flue gases this factsheet considers chemical absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) solvents.
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